Hi readers, students, and writerly friends!

Payton here, back again with another installment of my college series. This week in Freelancing we’re covering a topic that overlaps between the bookish world and the college world—everything that young adult fiction gets wrong about college. This is going to cover every one of my biggest YA/college pet peeves from privilege, to unrealistic expectations, to overdone tropes and more so stay tuned!

Messy, unrealistic timelines

Okay, this might be the single most important issue I have with YA fiction that involves the college experience, so that’s why I made sure to cover it first. Students listen up! One thing YA gets very, VERY wrong is the college application/admission timeline and what happens when. I can’t tell you how many times I’ve read about a student getting accepted into Harvard in like February. It just doesn’t happen and it makes no sense. Writers who have characters in their novels that are in their senior year should do as much research as possible about the school(s) their fictional students are applying to so they can get a very clear and accurate picture of what that process looks like. Regardless of if all the details actually make it into the story, writers should make a timeline to keep everything organized and make sure their fictional events surrounding college take place within an accurate time frame. This is critical for fiction to stop perpetuating inaccurate stereotypes and setting unrealistic expectations for students.

Typically, early decision and early action happen in October and November and of course, those deadlines vary from school to school, which is why research is key. Not to mention, early decision and early action are two different things. Early decision is binding and basically means the student applying agrees to attend that school, should they get in and that’s why students are only allowed to apply early decision to one school. Early decision is also pretty much limited to very wealthy, upper class families, as it is a big gamble for applying students and be messy to navigate exiting these agreements when the school’s perception of your financial situation does not line up with your reality. Early action on the other had, is a far more accessible option because it is not legally binding. This is a great avenue for students who are interested in applying and receiving their application results early who might also want to apply to a few other colleges as regular decision.

 Students who apply early decision/early action will receive admissions decisions typically in December, but some will hear back in January at the latest. Students who are passed up for the early decision/early action pools, may be deferred or moved to the regular decision pools which means their applications will be looked at along with all of the other non-early applying students. Regular decision students who apply to private universities will hear application results between December and Mid-January, though again, writers should double check these guidelines against the school about which they are writing.

Likewise, students who want/need merit-aid, many schools that offer this will send rejection/acceptance letters in November-Early December, but once again, writers should fact check deadlines for the school they are writing about to avoid perpetuating these harmful stereotypes in their writing.

Unrealistic expectations for scholarships, financial aid, and acceptance rates

Building on my first issue with college depictions in YA fiction, most young adult writers include inaccurate/unrealistic financial situations in their stories. Here’s an example: the poor, lower-class, yet brilliant student applies on a whim to Harvard and gets a full-ride. For one, Harvard hardly ever gives out full-ride scholarships. For two, if they did somehow get a generous scholarship, the remaining funds the student and their family are expected to pay are typically way out of the question for most lower/middle class families. And this goes for any ivy league or competitive private institution out there. For three, due to the competitive, elite nature of these types of schools, it is highly unlikely students can just apply and get in, no matter how brilliant they may be. And this unrealistic expectation is harmful because it pops up ALL. THE. TIME. And thus gives students the idea that they have a shot in hell at getting into one of these schools. It’s just a big set up for failure, crushed dreams, and a waste in application fees.

Additionally, most YA writers (due to the age bracket most YA writers fall into) don’t have a very good grasp on how much college really costs nowadays. I would argue that most YA writers are in their 30’s or older (with exceptions of course) and it’s been a little while since they last attended college for themselves. It’s amazing how much things can change in ten years.

In a 2019 CNBC article, Abigail Hess explains how the cost of college has increased by more than 25% in the last 10 years:

During the 1978 - 1979 school year, it cost the modern equivalent of $17,680 per year to attend a private college and $8,250 per year to attend a public college. By the 2008 - 2009 school year those costs had grown to $38,720 at private colleges and $16,460 at public colleges.

Today, those costs are closer to $48,510 and $21,370, respectively. That means costs increased by roughly 25.3% at private colleges and about 29.8% at public colleges. -Abigail Hess

Read more from Abigail’s article “The cost of college increased by more than 25% in the last 10 years—here’s why” here.

That’s an insane jump and truthfully, most writers don’t take these facts into account when writing YA fiction that involves the college experience. There’s a bigger issue here and it’s that YA fiction rarely takes into account the intersection of financial aid and class privilege and that’s because most YA writers are upper-middle class and never had to struggle to pay for college as a lower or middle class student. Class privilege is a huge reason why the college experience is not accurately portrayed in YA fiction and honestly, financial aid/scholarships are irresponsibly depicted as well.

What would be really great, is to see more portrayals of students applying and getting into state universities and community colleges. As a graduate from a local community college myself, it feels severely understated in YA fiction, especially since this is close to the reality most college students face. The acceptance rates at state universities and community colleges are much higher (mine had a 100% acceptance rate and a 90% completion rate) due to the dramatic difference in tuition, boarding an other costs per student, as opposed to the kinds of private schools we see more often portrayed in young adult fiction. Even though many state universities are still quite competitive, it would be really refreshing and great to see more YA fiction depict students attending state universities and community colleges, especially when the acceptance rate is far more realistic than the ludicrous 1% some of the ivy league schools are infamous for.

Touching on the unrealistic timelines point, I’d like to include that many YA novels include depictions of students who apply to and get into a school and then start applying for scholarships. Unfortunately, by the time students should be hearing back from their desire schools, applying for scholarships is simply too late. Again, it’s important that writers do their research on their schools and make sure the realistically portray them in their writing. And on a similar note, many universities do not offer financial aid to out of state students so writers should keep this in mind when writing about college students crossing state lines for schooling.

Another financial discrepancy often found in YA fiction is the image of students going to any of the top 50 schools in the US and magically getting awarded merit-based scholarships. These schools are based on academic ability and therefore merit-based scholarships simply do not exist for students attending these schools. Instead, need-based scholarships are a possibility instead because the financial aid awards are divided out to applicants on a as-needed basis. Again, research is required here, because for the need-based awards, the school is the authority that determines the applicants’ need and every school has their own formula for determining what constitutes need. Likewise there is need-aware and need-blind schools where the former takes financial background into account while the later does not.

Loans and parent dependency

Since students aren’t technically considered (academically) adults until age 24, students are dependent on their parents and their finances will certainly play a roll in what kinds of awards, scholarships, waivers, and loans students can make use of during their college career. Due to this, unfortunately many students from middle-class families are unable to attend school simply because 1) the student’s parents make too much money for them to qualify for financial aid and 2) without the financial aid, the student’s parents simply do not make enough to pay for college while supporting the household. Likewise, this is an issue for students who have divorced, separated, or estranged parents, or parents who are unwilling to pay for college.  

Unfortunately, because students are considered dependents of their parents until 24 years old, obtaining substantial loans may prove difficult or impossible due to the students need for a cosigner. Students are able to independently sign for a federal loan that is roughly $4500 max as a freshman and roughly $7500 max as a senior, which isn’t nearly enough to cover even one year for almost any college in the United States. Another federal loan option is the parent plus loan which has a much higher cap, but is contingent upon the parent’s credit and their willingness to take out such a loan.

The trend with all of these issues is that it all comes down to a lack of research, unrealistic expectations, and a failure on the writer’s part do their due diligence in preparing the background information needed to accurately depict the college experience. Writers who are covering the college experience in even the slightest degree, should do as much research as possible to prepare their writing. Writers can reach out to academic professionals to get more information as well. YA writers covering college in their novels should do their research so they can figure out which schools, under which conditions are actually attainable for their fictional characters.

And that’s it for my post on everything that YA gets wrong about college. What did you think of this post? Do you think YA could benefit from more research beforehand? Is there anything I left out? Let me know in the comments below!

Thumbnail photo by Pixabay.

—Payton